Outcome of The Scopes Monkey Trial Essay - 1562 Words

The Scopes Trial, formally known as The State of Tennessee vs. Scopes but given the nickname â€Å"The Monkey Trial†, has been credited as starting the popular legal dispute between evolution and creationism in the court, and its impact in the 20’s was immeasurable. The interpretation of the case is just as popular, if not more, than the actual result of the case. The worldwide attention and media coverage the case received produced many opinions. Scholar’s opinions range from describing the case as an irrelevancy and a good show to describing it as a â€Å"Watershed in American religious history† (Ronald L. Numbers, 1998, p. 76). A large factor in why the Scopes trial has received so much attention in an insignificant town is because of the stage†¦show more content†¦Even though many southern states frowned upon teaching evolution because of Creationism being highly influential, Tennessee took the matter up a notch when they were the first state to make the teaching of Evolution a punishable crime. Evolution was like an evil spirit in Tennessee, no one wanted to be associated with it, have it taught in public schools, and especially never be compared to a monkey. This strong opposition against Evolution makes Tennessee an interesting battleground for Creationism and Evolution. The first step of the battle was for the Butler Act to find its opponent. What ended up happening was something that was unknown to the public; Leaders from Dayton, a small town in Tennessee, were conspiring to violate the Butler Act. â€Å"Civil leaders of Dayton saw an opportunity to benefit the town by increasing its visibility through publicity† (Singham, 2009, p. 23). The idea was first considered in Dayton by George Rappleyea, a businessman who owned multiple mines around Dayton. Rappleyea, along with a few connections in the county school council and city prosecutors, were looking for someone to charge with violating the Butler Act (Sing ham, 2009). They soon found their candidate, John T. Scopes. Scopes was a substitute biology teacher who was somehow intertwined with Rappleyea’s plans. Scopes agreed to be accused of violating the law mainly because he did not have much to lose career wise, and was not a permanent resident ofShow MoreRelated Evolution in the School System Essay1664 Words   |  7 Pages It first came to the public’s attention in 1925 during the legendary trial Scopes v. State of Tennessee., also known as the Scope’s Monkey Trial. During that time, a young science teacher from Tennessee was on trial for teaching evolution in his classroom despite the state’s constitution stating that only creationism be taught. After much debate and deliberation, the United States Supreme Court ruled in favor of John Scopes, giving teachers throughout the state the freedom to openly teach evolutionRead MoreA Research Study On Nutrition And Treatment Of Blood Glucose1621 Words   |  7 Pagesmonito red by the FDA for any possible unknown safety concerns, negative side effects, and/or potential unsafe drug interactions. 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Person - Health - and Wellbeing of Mary

Question: Discuss about Person, Health, and Wellbeing of Marythe . Answer: Introduction In Australia, the NHS report of the year 2012 pointed out that cancer is amongst the dread diseases in the region (Steward and Wild, 2014). The report was supported by documented statistics in liaison with the WHO: that more than 40% of Australian citizens are at risk to be diagnosed with cancer. Early stage cancer refers to the first three phases of cancer namely stage I, II, and III (Sikov et al., 2014). That said, Mary is a 25-year-old mother of twins aged eight months and a wife to Sam, a military official in the air force: she is diagnosed with early stage cancer. As such, the ideas in this paper seek to illustrate the emotional, cognitive, and behavioral responses that Mary is likely to experience. Notably, the paper will set a discussion on the risk and protective factors relevant to Mary's situation. Further, the article will sum up the ideas concerning the thesis statement as shown below. Emotional responses and risk factors Psychological factors are all interconnected that is to say that understanding emotional status of Mary paves the way for analysis of cognitive and behavioral responses (Seligman and Csikszentmihalyi, 2014). In combating any chronic disease, a health professional is encouraged to train the brain of the patient to change the mind. That is to say that for the relevant medical practitioner in charge of treating Mary s/he will be forced to orientate her first through guiding and counseling. Also, another key thing to remember is that when Mary adapts well to the treatment patterns the maladaptive nature is which alludes to mental disorder has zero chances of occurring (Moran et al., 2014). However, the opposite will foster mental destabilization as her feelings will have been altered by stress. Stress will be from the social, economic, and medical factors. Socially Mary is said to be a lone ranger who has limited contact with the husband and her family. Again, economically, Mary is outwe ighed by the burden of raising the twins without as she is unemployed. As a result, Mary is subjected to stress which in turn affects her medication and her child rearing practices. A report by the WHO on breast cancer in Brazil indicated that many women who sought medical attention during their early stages of cancer recorded higher chances of withdrawal from the symptom (DeSantis et al., 2014). The idea is supported by the fact that treatment changes the mindset of a patient. Also, a study by the NMBA indicated that cognitive impairment is high in women diagnosed with breast cancer due to the shock associated with the diagnosis of the condition and to a greater extent the type of care a patient receives (DeSantis et al., 2014. The two factors: socially isolated from the husband and family, risk altering the cognitive ability of Mary regarding attention and concentration and child-rearing ability. According to Moran et al., 2014 is of the opinion that short-term memory and cognitive impairment is of significance value in describing patients diagnosed with breast cancer. Likewise, Stewart and Wild, 2014 posits that apart from cognitive impairment, verbal memory loss and reduced gender roles are characteristics of patients diagnosed with breast cancer: the underlying reason alludes to the whole idea of procedural processes associated with treatment and the degree of care and support offered to the patient. Behavioral responses and risk factors Establishment of the Adjuvant Psychological Therapy abbreviated as ATP sets a platform upon which medical practitioners assess the causal agent of cancer and the possible ways to treat the four different stages of cancer (Ciatto et al., 2013). Having discussed the emotional and cognitive responses of Mary towards the diagnosis, evaluating the ATP fosters understanding of the cognitive behavior therapy as a guide to relate to the psychological morbidity experienced by Mary. Through the application of the CBT, the NMBA reported that fatigue is a behavioral characteristic presented with patients diagnosed with breast cancer. Moreover, the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality abbreviated as AHRQ explained that fatigue in patients diagnosed with breast cancer is different from fatigue experienced by patients without history cancer: the fatigue is said to recur even after resting. Anderson et al., 2014 are of the opinion that cancer creates awareness to the masses that life is short hence triggering the urge to complete a lot of things before their time elapse. For instance, when Mary is made aware of her current early stage cancer she feels she has limited time on planet: because even those who have survived are greatly changed in behavior. At times it is recorded that such patients resort to cutting of relationships with their couples. Also, Anderson et al., 2014 stipulates that the behavioral response is a stage that occurs after the mind is affected: that after emotional and cognitive responses are maladaptive. Additionally, pain may occur before treatment and after treatment. As such, the NHS explained how pain could lead to fatigue. Notably, fear is another behavioral trait presented with such patients. The model is clearly explained when Mary seeks medical attention with the use of chemotherapy. Protective factors for emotional, cognitive, and behavioral responses Having said that, the protective factors in tandem with the emotional responses exhibited by Mary include but are not limited to being offered emotional coaching by the health care staff at the military base and receiving emotional support from her family members: that is they pay her visits and offer the company. Fear is also a great challenge bearing in mind the current trends in the medical field rendering cancer a dread disease. Moreover, the emotional imbalance leads to anger where the patient gets angry with everyone she comes in contact with. Also, sadness is an emotional trait likely to be experienced hence the depressed nature. Therefore it is rendered important to have consolidated framework for implementation of nursing interventions to help Mary get stable emotionally. However, a protective measure regarding cognitive impairment with Mary is that being a wife to a military official renders her the chances to access full insurance cover to cater for the hospital bills. Furthermore, the protective response in line with the behavioral response is the availability of family support and attending guiding and counseling classes to overcome some of the stereotypes such as chemotherapy and surgery being harmful practices. Conclusion To that end, the paper finds meaning in setting a discussion on the possible cognitive, emotional, and behavioral responses that Mary is likely to present. Also, throughout the discussion, it is noted that analysis of one psychological factor leads to the evaluation of another risk factor. For instance, when assessing the emotional status of Mary one is bound to understand what is her level of concentration when caring for the kids and performing other household chores. Also, the physical characteristics will be viewed regarding the emotional state of Mary. As such, it is possible to discern that cancer cannot be treated, but it can be contained. Reference Anderson, K. N., Schwab, R. B., Martinez, M. E. (2014). Reproductive risk factors and breast cancer subtypes: a review of the literature. Breast cancer research and treatment, 144(1), 1-10. Ciatto, S., Houssami, N., Bernardi, D., Caumo, F., Pellegrini, M., Brunelli, S., ... Montemezzi, S. (2013). Integration of 3D digital mammography with tomosynthesis for population breast-cancer screening (STORM): a prospective comparison study. The lancet oncology, 14(7), 583-589. DeSantis, C. E., Lin, C. C., Mariotto, A. B., Siegel, R. L., Stein, K. D., Kramer, J. L., ... Jemal, A. (2014). Cancer treatment and survivorship statistics, 2014. CA: a cancer journal for clinicians, 64(4), 252-271. DeSantis, C., Ma, J., Bryan, L., Jemal, A. (2014). Breast cancer statistics, 2013. CA: a cancer journal for clinicians, 64(1), 52-62. Moran, M. S., Schnitt, S. J., Giuliano, A. E., Harris, J. R., Khan, S. A., Horton, J., ... Johnson, P. L. (2014). Society of Surgical OncologyAmerican Society for Radiation Oncology Consensus guideline on margins for breast-conserving surgery with whole-breast irradiation in stages I and II invasive breast cancer. International Journal of Radiation Oncology* Biology* Physics, 88(3), 553-564. Seligman, M. E., Csikszentmihalyi, M. (2014). Positive psychology: An introduction (pp. 279-298). Springer Netherlands. Sikov, W. M., Berry, D. A., Perou, C. M., Singh, B., Cirrincione, C. T., Tolaney, S. M., ... Golshan, M. (2014). The impact of the addition of carboplatin and bevacizumab to neoadjuvant once-per-week paclitaxel followed by dose-dense doxorubicin and cyclophosphamide on pathologic complete response rates in stage II to III triple-negative breast cancer: CALGB 40603 (Alliance). Journal of Clinical Oncology, 33(1), 13-21. Stewart, B. W. K. P., Wild, C. P. (2014). World cancer report 2014.